Uso de misoprostol em obstetrícia / Misoprostol use in obstetrics

PONTOS-CHAVE O misoprostol é um análogo da prostaglandina E1 (PGE1) que consta na Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) desde 2005 O Brasil possui uma das regulações mais restritivas do mundo relacionadas ao uso do misoprostol, estabelecendo que o misoprostol tem uso hospitalar exclusivo, com controle especial, e venda, compra e propaganda proibidas por lei Atualmente, o misoprostol é a droga de referência para tratamento medicamentoso nos casos de aborto induzido, tanto no primeiro trimestre gestacional quanto em idades gestacionais mais avançadas O misoprostol é uma medicação efetiva para o preparo cervical e indução do parto O misoprostol é um medicamento essencial para o manejo da hemorragia pós-parto

Lessons from the Field Beyond the Numbers: Narratives of Professionals on Women who Experienced Severe Maternal Morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: Several factors might affect the health and the quality of life of women who had a severe maternal morbidity (SMM) or a maternal near-miss (MNM) episode. The objective of the present study was to explore the perspectives of the professionals on the repercussions of SMM or of MNM after interviewing women who survived such episodes. METHOD: Selected cases that captured the attention of professionals were reported. The professionals built individually 10 narratives, which were analyzed with the technique of content analysis. RESULTS: According to the perspectives of the professionals, women surviving a severe maternal condition and their families experienced clinical and psychosocial consequences. Some cases portrayed the intense psychological distress in mourning for the loss of the fetus or of their reproductive capacity and changes in family dynamics generating emotional overload, depression, and gender violence. CONCLUSION: The analysis of narratives may offer an idea on the complexity of the perception of care by professionals and on the need for an interdisciplinary follow-up of women surviving an SMM or an MNM episode.

OBJETIVO: Diversos fatores podem afetar a saúde e a qualidade de vida das mulheres que tiveram um episódio de morbidade materna grave (MMG) ou near-miss materno (NMM). O objetivo do presente estudo foi explorar as perspectivas dos profissionais sobre as repercussões da MMG ou do NMM após terem entrevistados mulheres que sobreviveram a um desses episódios. MéTODOS: Casos selecionados que chamaram a atenção dos profissionais foram relatados. Estes profissionais construíram individualmente 10 narrativas, que foram analisadas com a técnica de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Segundo as perspectivas dos profissionais, as mulheres que sobreviveram a uma condição materna grave e suas famílias vivenciaram consequências clínicas e psicológicas. Alguns casos relataram um intenso estresse psicológico no luto pela perda do feto ou de sua capacidade reprodutiva e de mudanças da dinâmica familiar, gerando sobrecarga emocional, depressão e violência de gênero. CONCLUSãO: A análise das narrativas pode oferecer uma ideia sobre a complexidade da percepção do cuidado de profissionais e sobre a necessidade de um seguimento interdisciplinar das mulheres sobreviventes de um episódio de MMG ou de NMM.

Validation of the 36-item version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) for assessing women's disability and functioning associated with maternal morbidity.

Objective To validate the translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of 36 items from the World Health Organizaton Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), regarding their content and structure (construct), in a female population after pregnancy. Methods This is a validation of an instrument for the evaluation of disability and functioning and an assessment of its psychometric properties, performed in a tertiary maternity and a referral center specialized in high-risk pregnancies in Brazil. A sample of 638 women in different postpartum periods who had either a normal or a complicated pregnancy was included. The structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the content and relationships among the domains were assessed through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The sociodemographic characteristics were identified, and the mean scores with their standard deviations for the 36 questions of the WHODAS 2.0 were calculated. The internal consistency was evaluated byCronbach's α. Results Cronbach's α was higher than 0.79 for both sets of questons of the questionnaire. The EFA and CFA for the main 32 questions exhibited a total variance of 54.7% (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] measure of sampling adequacy = 0.934; p < 0.001) and 53.47% (KMO = 0.934; p < 0.001) respectively. There was a significant correlation among the 6 domains (r = 0.571-0.876), and a moderate correlation among all domains (r = 0.476-0.694). Conclusion The version of the WHODAS 2.0 instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese showed good psychometric properties in this sample, and therefore could be applied to populations of women regarding their reproductive history.

Validation of the 36-item version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2. 0 (WHODAS 2.0) for assessing women's disability and functioning associated with maternal morbidity / Validação da versão de 36 itens do WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2. 0 (WHODAS 2.0) para a avaliação de incapacidade e funcionalidade da mulher associada à morbidade materna

Abstract Objective To validate the translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of 36 items from the World Health Organizaton Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), regarding their content and structure (construct), in a female population after pregnancy. Methods This is a validation of an instrument for the evaluation of disability and functioning and an assessment of its psychometric properties, performed in a tertiary maternity and a referral center specialized in high-risk pregnancies in Brazil. A sample of 638 women in different postpartum periods who had either a normal or a complicated pregnancy was included. The structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the content and relationships among the domains were assessed through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The sociodemographic characteristics were identified, and the mean scores with their standard deviations for the 36 questions of the WHODAS 2.0 were calculated. The internal consistency was evaluated byCronbach's α. Results Cronbach's α was higher than 0.79 for both sets of questons of the questionnaire. The EFA and CFA for the main 32 questions exhibited a total variance of 54.7% (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] measure of sampling adequacy = 0.934; p < 0.001) and 53.47% (KMO = 0.934; p < 0.001) respectively. There was a significant correlation among the 6 domains (r = 0.571-0.876), and a moderate correlation among all domains (r = 0.476-0.694). Conclusion The version of the WHODAS 2.0 instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese showed good psychometric properties in this sample, and therefore could be applied to populations of women regarding their reproductive history.

Resumo Objetivo Validar a versão adaptada para o português brasileiro do instrumento World Health Organizaton Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), em seu conteúdo e estrutura (construto), em uma população de mulheres após a gravidez. Métodos Trata-se de validação de um instrumento para incapacidade e funcionalidade, incluindo suas propriedades psicométricas, realizada em uma maternidade de referência em gestação de alto risco no Brasil. Incluiu uma amostra de 638mulheres em diferentes períodos pós-parto que tiveram uma gravidez normal ou com complicações. A estrutura foi avaliada por análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), enquanto o conteúdo e as associações entre os domínios foram avaliados por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Foram identificadas características sociodemográficas, e os escores médios do WHODAS 2.0 para as 36 questões foram calculados. A consistência interna foi avaliada pelo método α de Cronbach. Resultados O α de Cronbach foi maior do que 0,79 para os dois conjuntos de perguntas do questionário. A AFE e a AFC para as 32 questões apresentaram uma variância total de 54,7% (medida de adequação da amostra de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] = 0,934; p < 0,001) e 53,47% (KMO = 0,934; p < 0,001), respectivamente. Houve uma correlação significativa entre os 6 domínios (r = 0,571-0,876), e moderada correlação entre todos os domínios (r = 0,476-0,694). Conclusão O instrumento WHODAS 2.0, adaptado para o português do Brasil, mostrou boas propriedades psicométricas nessa amostra e, portanto, pode ser aplicado a populações de mulheres com relação à sua história reprodutiva.

Robson Ten Group Classification System applied to women with severe maternal morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the distribution of women with severe maternal morbidity according to Robson Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS). METHODS: Secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study in 27 obstetric units in Brazil, using RTGCS. Cases were classified into potentially life-threatening condition or a maternal near miss or death, according to severity. Certain groups were subdivided for further analysis. Cesarean delivery (CD) rates were reported. RESULTS: Among 7,247 women with severe maternal morbidity, 73.2 percent underwent CD. Group 10 (single, cephalic, preterm) was the most prevalent (33.9%). Groups mostly associated with a severe maternal outcome were: 7 (multiparous, breech), 9 (all abnormal lies, single, term), 8 (all multiple), and 10. Groups 1 (nulliparous, single, cephalic, term, spontaneous) and 3 (multiparous, single, cephalic, term, spontaneous) were associated with better maternal outcome. Group 3 had one severe maternal morbidity to 29 cases of potentially life-threatening, but the ratio was 1:10 for women undergoing CD, indicating a worse outcome. Group 4a (multiparous, no previous CD, single, cephalic, term, induced labor) had a better maternal outcome than those delivered by CD before labor (group 4b). Hypertension was the most common condition of severity. CONCLUSIONS: The RTGCS was useful to consider severe maternal morbidity, showing groups with higher CD rates and worse maternal outcomes.

Adaptação transcultural da Escala de Avaliação de Incapacidades da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHODAS 2.0) para o Português / Cross-cultural adaptation of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) into Portuguese abstract

OBJETIVO: A Escala de Avaliação de Incapacidades da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHO-DAS 2.0) foi desenhada para avaliar o nível de funcionalidade em seis domínios de vida (cognição, mobilidade, autocuidado, convivência social, atividades de vida e participação na sociedade). Possui diferentes versões, desde as mais simplificadas até as mais completas, apresentações variadas (entrevistas ou autoadministrado) e abrange os domínios da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade (CIF). O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural da versão completa para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: O processo foi desenvolvido em seis etapas: tradução, retrotradução, equivalência semântica, avaliação de especialistas das etapas anteriores, pré-teste do instrumento e versão final. RESULTADOS: Após o pré-teste, realizou-se adequação para o português mais coloquial, substituindo termos para aproximar a linguagem às expressões do dia a dia. As versões mostraram-se semelhantes em relação ao significado geral e referencial. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento WHODAS 2.0 mostrou-se de fácil aplicação e compreensão com mulheres no ciclo grávido-puerperal.

OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) was designed to assess the functioning level in six life domains (cognition, mobility, selfcare, getting along, life activities, and participation in community activities). There are different versions, from the simplest to the most complete, various presentations (either interviews or self-administered), comprehending the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This study aimed to make a cross-cultural adaptation of the complete version into Portuguese. METHODS: The proceeding was developed over six stages: translation, back-translation, semantic equivalence, evaluation of previous stages by experts, tool pretest, and final version. RESULTS: After the pretest, an adjustment to a more colloquial Portuguese was made. The versions were shown to be similar regarding general and referential meaning. CONCLUSION: WHODAS 2.0 was shown to be easily applied and understood by women in the pregnancy-postpartum cycle.

[Cross-cultural adaptation of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) into Portuguese]. / Adaptação transcultural da Escala de Avaliação de Incapacidades da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHODAS 2.0) para o Português.

OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) was designed to assess the functioning level in six life domains (cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and participation in community activities). There are different versions, from the simplest to the most complete, various presentations (either interviews or self-administered), comprehending the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This study aimed to make a cross-cultural adaptation of the complete version into Portuguese. METHODS: The proceeding was developed over six stages: translation, back-translation, semantic equivalence, evaluation of previous stages by experts, tool pretest, and final version. RESULTS: After the pretest, an adjustment to a more colloquial Portuguese was made. The versions were shown to be similar regarding general and referential meaning. CONCLUSION: WHODAS 2.0 was shown to be easily applied and understood by women in the pregnancy-postpartum cycle.